Medical Information

Craniofacial
Conditions —
clearly explained.

Reliable, accessible information for patients, families and healthcare professionals.

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Cleft lip and palate in numbers

1 : 500–700newborns affected by cleft lip/palate – varies by region[1]
+20Medical specialities involved
Excellenttreatable – through early interdisciplinary care
~100–120newborns with cleft lip & palate per year in Switzerland[18]

Cleft conditions

Cleft Lip &
Palate

From prenatal diagnosis to adulthood — guided step by step.

Skull malformations

Craniofacial
Conditions

Guidance on suspicion, diagnosis and treatment of skull shape disorders and syndromes.

Further topics
For clinicians & referrers Current research About us · SGKFC

What is a Cleft Lip and Palate?

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common congenital facial malformations. It occurs when the lip, jaw and/or palate fail to fuse completely during embryonic development.

With today's medical capabilities, these conditions can be treated very effectively. Early, interdisciplinary care is crucial for an optimal outcome.

Interdisciplinary

Treatment requires collaboration between oral surgeons, orthodontists, ENT specialists, speech therapists, psychologists and other specialists.

Early detection

Lip and cleft lip-palate are often detectable on prenatal ultrasound. Isolated cleft palate frequently goes undetected before birth – making diagnosis immediately after birth particularly important.

Cleft Lip & Palate – detailed information →

Treatment concepts & quality

CLP treatment does not follow a single uniform protocol. Various evidence-based concepts coexist – individual adaptation to cleft type, anatomy and patient situation is key.

Lip repair techniques (Fisher, Millard), timing of palate closure, international protocols (Zurich, Göteborg, Oslo), alveolar bone grafting and ICHOM quality measurement – in detail on a dedicated page.

Craniofacial Conditions & Syndromes

Craniofacial conditions span a broad spectrum – from common positional plagiocephaly to complex syndromic craniosynostosis. Treatment requires a highly specialised, interdisciplinary team and careful, individualised planning.

FAQ – Häufig gestellte Fragen

Answers to the most common questions about cleft lip and palate and craniofacial conditions – gathered on our FAQ page.

View all 26 questions →

Specialised Centres & Professional Associations

In Switzerland, care is provided by specialised, interdisciplinary teams at university hospitals. Across Europe, leading centres are connected through the ERN CRANIO reference network.

Switzerland – University Specialist Centres

The following university hospitals have specialised, interdisciplinary teams for the treatment of craniofacial conditions:

Zürich
Kraniofaziales Zentrum Zürich
Universitätsspital Zürich (USZ) / Kinderspital Zürich
Basel
Spaltzentrum Basel
Universitätsspital Basel (USB) / Universitäts-Kinderspital beider Basel (UKBB)
Bern
Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie
Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern
Lausanne
Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et stomatologie
Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV)
Genf
Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale
Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève (HUG)

Europe – ERN CRANIO

The European Reference Network for rare craniofacial anomalies (ERN CRANIO) connects specialised centres from 16 European nations according to uniform quality standards.

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ACPA – International

The American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA) is the leading international professional association – with over 2,200 members from more than 60 countries, since 1943.

acpacares.org →

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ICHOM Standard Set

Centres working to the ICHOM Standard Set for cleft lip and palate measure outcomes systematically at seven defined time points.

ichom.org →

Questions & Contact

Do you have additional questions? We are happy to help. Your message is end-to-end encrypted (PGP/OpenPGP): the content is readable only by the recipient.

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⚠ This website is for information purposes only. It does not replace medical consultation. Please do not submit patient data via this form. For medical questions, please consult a specialist.

References & Literature

The following publications form the scientific basis of this website. Clicking on a reference in the text leads to the corresponding source – the arrow button takes you back to the position in the text.

Guidelines & Quality Standards

  1. Allori AC, Kelley T, Meara JG, et al. A standard set of outcome measures for the comprehensive appraisal of cleft care. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2017;54(5):540–554.
    DOI: 10.1597/15-292

Systematic Reviews & Overviews

  1. Mossey PA, Little J, Munger RG, Dixon MJ, Shaw WC. Cleft lip and palate. Lancet. 2009;374(9703):1773–1785.
    DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60695-4
  2. Dixon MJ, Marazita ML, Beaty TH, Murray JC. Cleft lip and palate: understanding genetic and environmental influences. Nat Rev Genet. 2011;12(3):167–178.
    DOI: 10.1038/nrg2933
  3. Rohrich RJ, Love EJ, Byrd HS, Johns DF. Optimal timing of cleft palate closure. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;106(2):413–421.
    DOI: 10.1097/00006534-200008000-00027 · PMID: 10946935
  4. Johnson D, Wilkie AOM. Craniosynostosis. Eur J Hum Genet. 2011;19(4):369–376.
    DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.235
  5. Obwegeser JA. Maxillary and midface deformities: characteristics and treatment strategies. Clin Plast Surg. 2007 Jul;34(3):519–533.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2007.05.001 · PMID: 17692708
  6. Fell M, Phippen G, van Eeden S, et al. Analysis and Reporting of Randomized Trials in Cleft Palate Surgery: Learning from the Timing of Primary Surgery (TOPS) Trial. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2025;62(8):1436–1442. DOI: 10.1177/10556656241253949 · PMID: 38725271 — Basiert auf dem TOPS-Trial: Gamble C, Persson C, Willadsen E, et al. Timing of Primary Surgery for Cleft Palate. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(9):795–807.
  7. Inchingolo AD, et al. Evaluation of Surgical Protocols for Speech Improvement in Children with Cleft Palate: A Systematic Review and Case Series. Bioengineering. 2025;12(8):877. DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering12080877 · PMID: 40868390 (Open Access)

Original Research & Clinical Studies

  1. Wilcox AJ, Lie RT, Solvoll K, et al. Folic acid supplements and risk of facial clefts: national population based case-control study. BMJ. 2007;334(7591):464.
    DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39079.618287.0B · PMID: 17259186
  2. Fisher DM. Unilateral cleft lip repair: an anatomical subunit approximation technique. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;116(1):61–71.
    DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000169689.09479.f7
  3. Bergland O, Semb G, Abyholm FE. Elimination of the residual alveolar cleft by secondary bone grafting and subsequent orthodontic treatment. Cleft Palate J. 1986;23(3):175–205.
    PubMed: 3524418
  4. Abyholm FE, Bergland O, Semb G. Secondary bone grafting of alveolar clefts. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1981;15(2):127–140.
    DOI: 10.3109/02844318109103405 · PMID: 7031462
  5. Wilkie AOM, Slaney SF, Oldridge M, et al. Apert syndrome results from localized mutations of FGFR2 and is allelic with Crouzon syndrome. Nat Genet. 1995;9(2):165–172.
    DOI: 10.1038/ng0295-165
  6. Engel M, Berger M, Hoffmann J, et al. Midface correction in patients with Crouzon syndrome: is Le Fort III distraction osteogenesis with a rigid external distraction device the gold standard? J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2019;47(3):420–430.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.11.028 · PMID: 30642732
  7. Meling TR, Due-Tønnessen BJ, Hogevold HE, Skjelbred P, Roald B. Monobloc distraction osteogenesis in pediatric patients with severe syndromal craniosynostosis. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22(1):101–109.
    DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181f6c620
  8. Kreutz K, Fitze G, Blecher R, et al. Helmet therapy in deformational skull base plagiocephaly also corrects facial asymmetry and ear shift. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2018;46(3):354–359.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.12.011
  9. Meyer-Marcotty P, Böhm H, Linz C, Blecher R, et al. Spectrum of positional deformities – is there a real difference between plagiocephaly and brachycephaly? J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014;42(6):1010–1016.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.01.026 · PMID: 24530071
  10. Ferrari R, Özcan M, Wiedemeier D, Essig H. Accuracy of intraoral scanners in the cleft anatomy of neonates. Int J Comput Dent. 2025 Sep 1;28(3):225–234.
    DOI: 10.3290/j.ijcd.b5886430 · PMID: 39871769
  11. Bezuhly M, Fisher DM. Single-stage repair of asymmetrical bilateral cleft lip with contralateral lesser form defects. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;129(3):751–757.
    DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182402f50

Epidemiological Data & Patient Information

  1. Berechnet aus: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS). Statistik der natürlichen Bevölkerungsbewegung (BEVNAT) – Lebendgeburten Schweiz, ca. 85 000/Jahr. Neuchâtel: BFS, 2023. Kombiniert mit europäischer Prävalenz orofazialer Spalten (ca. 1 : 700; EUROCAT Registry: eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/eurocat) → ca. 100–120 Neugeborene mit LKG-Spalte jährlich in der Schweiz. Übereinstimmend: Kaiser G, Thüer U, Scheurer Ph. Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalten – Informationsschrift für Eltern. 3. Aufl. Bern: Inselspital / Universität Bern, 2000.

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